التغير الزمني لدرجات الحرارة والأمطار وانعكاسه على الموارد المائية في محطة شحات للفترة بين 1981-2024م

الملخص

This study examined the temporal changes in temperature and rainfall at Shahat station during the period 1981–2024, and analyzed their impact on water resources. The results showed a rise in the annual average air temperature at 2 meters from approximately 14.24 °C in January to 19.96 °C, with a notable increase in maximum temperatures reaching 35 °C in July, compared to a minimum of 3.27 °C in February, reflecting increased thermal extremes and a widening gap between daily highs and lows. As for precipitation, monthly total rainfall ranged from 0.01 mm in July to 1.89 mm in January, with high annual variability in total yearly precipitation, peaking at 58.5 mm, indicating irregular rainfall patterns. This was reflected in water resources, as relative humidity at 2 meters decreased from 72.28% to 68.93%, while soil moisture at 2-meter depth remained relatively stable between 11.32 and 17.11, demonstrating the soil’s ability to store water to cope with drought periods and increased evaporative demand.